Severity: HIGH
Description: An integer overflow in sqfs_inode_size in Das U-Boot before 2025.01-rc1 occurs in the symlink size calculation via a crafted squashfs filesystem.
CVSS Score: 7.1
B
No data available.
No data available.
1. Risk Assessment
The vulnerability, CVE-2024-57254, is an integer overflow within the sqfs_inode_size function of Das U-Boot, specifically occurring during symlink size calculations when processing a crafted squashfs filesystem. This is a high severity vulnerability, evidenced by the CVSS score of 7.1. The impact is significant as a successful exploit can lead to high levels of compromise across Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. The attack vector is Physical, meaning an attacker needs local access to the system to exploit the vulnerability, often via a crafted squashfs filesystem. While the attack complexity is High, suggesting some non-trivial effort is required to craft the exploit, the potential payoff is substantial. The vulnerability impacts systems utilizing U-Boot versions prior to 2025.01-rc1, which are frequently found in embedded systems and bootloaders. Business impact could range from system crashes and data corruption to complete system compromise, potentially impacting device functionality and availability of critical services. The EPSS score of 0.000610000 suggests a relatively low, but not insignificant, probability of exploitation given the vulnerability's prevalence.
2. Potential Attack Scenarios
An attacker with physical access to a device utilizing a vulnerable version of U-Boot could craft a malicious squashfs filesystem image. This image would be designed to trigger the integer overflow when the symlink size is calculated. The attacker could then replace the existing squashfs filesystem on the device (for example, on an SD card or via network update if the update process doesn't properly validate the filesystem) with the crafted image. Upon booting, U-Boot would process the malicious filesystem, leading to the integer overflow. This overflow could then corrupt memory, potentially allowing the attacker to gain control of the system, execute arbitrary code, or cause a denial-of-service condition. The outcome depends on how the overflow is leveraged, but potential impacts include full system compromise, data exfiltration, and device bricking. This attack is particularly relevant in embedded devices where physical access is relatively easy to obtain.
3. Mitigation Recommendations
The primary mitigation for CVE-2024-57254 is to upgrade to U-Boot version 2025.01-rc1 or later. This version includes the fix for the integer overflow vulnerability. Immediately prioritize patching systems utilizing vulnerable versions of U-Boot. Verify the patch is applied correctly by checking the U-Boot version after the update. For systems where patching is not immediately feasible, consider limiting physical access to the device and validating the integrity of squashfs filesystems used by the system. Regularly monitor for signs of compromise, such as unexpected behavior or data corruption. Refer to the following resources for more information:
* U-Boot commit: https://source.denx.de/u-boot/u-boot/-/commit/c8e929e5758999933f9e905049ef2bf3fe6b140d
* OSS-Security mailing list: https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/02/17/2
* PacketStorm Security: https://packetstormsecurity.com/search/?q=CVE-2024-57254
4. Executive Summary
CVE-2024-57254 is a high-severity integer overflow vulnerability in Das U-Boot, a widely used bootloader for embedded systems. A crafted squashfs filesystem can trigger the overflow, potentially leading to system compromise, data corruption, or denial of service. While exploitation requires physical access, the potential impact is significant, impacting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of systems. We recommend upgrading to U-Boot version 2025.01-rc1 or later as soon as possible. This vulnerability poses a risk to devices utilizing U-Boot, and prompt patching is crucial to minimize the risk of exploitation and maintain system stability. Ignoring this vulnerability could lead to downtime, data loss, or even complete loss of control over affected devices.
Severity: HIGH
Description: An integer overflow in sqfs_resolve_symlink in Das U-Boot before 2025.01-rc1 occurs via a crafted squashfs filesystem with an inode size of 0xffffffff, resulting in a malloc of zero and resultant memory overwrite.
CVSS Score: 7.1
B
No data available.
No data available.
1. Risk Assessment
The vulnerability, CVE-2024-57255, is an integer overflow within the sqfs_resolve_symlink function of Das U-Boot, specifically impacting versions prior to 2025.01-rc1. The integer overflow occurs when processing a crafted squashfs filesystem containing an inode size of 0xffffffff. This leads to a malloc of zero bytes, ultimately causing a memory overwrite. Given a CVSS score of 7.1 (HIGH) and a vector of CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H, the vulnerability poses a significant risk. Exploitation requires physical access to the system, and a moderately complex attack, but the potential impact is high across confidentiality, integrity, and availability. A successful exploit allows for complete control over the affected system. The EPSS score of 0.000610000 suggests a relatively low probability of exploitation given the attack vector, but the high impact makes it worthwhile to address. The business impact could range from system crashes and data corruption to complete compromise of embedded devices utilizing U-Boot.
2. Potential Attack Scenarios
A potential attack scenario involves an attacker with physical access to a system booting with a crafted squashfs filesystem. The attacker creates a squashfs image where an inode is assigned a size of 0xffffffff. When the system boots and U-Boot attempts to resolve a symlink within this filesystem, the integer overflow occurs during the malloc call, leading to a memory overwrite. The attacker could carefully craft the filesystem to overwrite critical data structures, such as function pointers or control blocks, allowing them to redirect execution flow to attacker-controlled code. This could lead to arbitrary code execution, giving the attacker complete control of the system, potentially enabling them to install malware, steal data, or disrupt system operations. This is especially impactful in embedded systems where U-Boot is a critical component of the boot process.
3. Mitigation Recommendations
The primary mitigation for CVE-2024-57255 is to upgrade to U-Boot version 2025.01-rc1 or later. This version contains the fix for the integer overflow vulnerability. Organizations utilizing U-Boot should prioritize patching systems, especially those with physical access exposed to potentially malicious actors. The upgrade process will vary depending on the embedded system and build process, so refer to the U-Boot documentation for specific instructions: https://source.denx.de/u-boot/u-boot/-/commit/233945eba63e24061dffeeaeb7cd6fe985278356. For systems where immediate patching is not feasible, consider restricting physical access to the system to trusted personnel. Regular monitoring of system logs for unusual behavior may also help detect potential exploitation attempts.
4. Executive Summary
CVE-2024-57255 is a HIGH severity integer overflow vulnerability in Das U-Boot, impacting systems using versions prior to 2025.01-rc1. An attacker with physical access can craft a malicious squashfs filesystem to overwrite memory, potentially gaining complete control of the system. This could lead to data theft, system disruption, or malware installation. While exploitation requires physical access, the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability makes this vulnerability a significant concern. We recommend upgrading to U-Boot 2025.01-rc1 or later as soon as possible to mitigate the risk. Prompt action is crucial, particularly for embedded systems where U-Boot is a foundational component of the boot process. Delaying patching increases the risk of compromise and potential business disruption.
Severity: HIGH
Description: An integer overflow in ext4fs_read_symlink in Das U-Boot before 2025.01-rc1 occurs for zalloc (adding one to an le32 variable) via a crafted ext4 filesystem with an inode size of 0xffffffff, resulting in a malloc of zero and resultant memory overwrite.
CVSS Score: 7.1
B
No data available.
No data available.
1. Risk Assessment
The vulnerability, CVE-2024-57256, is an integer overflow within the ext4 filesystem handling of U-Boot, specifically in the ext4fs_read_symlink function. This occurs when processing a crafted ext4 filesystem with a specific inode size (0xffffffff). The overflow leads to a zero-sized malloc, ultimately resulting in a memory overwrite. The CVSS score of 7.1 (HIGH) indicates a significant risk. The vulnerability requires physical access to the system or access to a system booting from a potentially malicious ext4 filesystem, making exploitation moderately difficult (High Attack Complexity). However, once exploited, the impact is substantial: High impact to Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability due to the potential for arbitrary code execution via memory overwrite. The EPSS score of 0.000610000 suggests a relatively low but not insignificant probability of exploitation in a real-world scenario. The business impact could range from system crashes and data corruption to complete compromise of the embedded system, depending on the affected device and its role.
2. Potential Attack Scenarios
A potential attack scenario involves an attacker crafting a malicious ext4 filesystem image. This image would contain an inode with a size of 0xffffffff. This crafted filesystem could be deployed in several ways. For example, the attacker could replace a legitimate boot partition on a device with the crafted one. When the device boots and the U-Boot attempts to read a symbolic link from the ext4 filesystem, the integer overflow occurs. The resulting zero-sized malloc allows the attacker to overwrite adjacent memory regions. The attacker can strategically place shellcode or modify critical data structures within the overwritten memory, allowing for arbitrary code execution. This could lead to complete control of the device, potentially allowing the attacker to install a rootkit, steal data, or disrupt operations. The attack vector is primarily through a crafted filesystem, requiring some level of access or control over the boot process.
3. Mitigation Recommendations
The primary mitigation is to upgrade U-Boot to version 2025.01-rc1 or later, which contains the fix for the integer overflow. This can be achieved through a standard U-Boot update process, which varies depending on the target platform and build system. Organizations should prioritize patching systems that are frequently exposed to potentially malicious ext4 filesystems. Review the U-Boot documentation for your specific platform to determine the appropriate upgrade procedure. Additionally, consider validating filesystem images before booting, if feasible. The commit detailing the fix is available at https://source.denx.de/u-boot/u-boot/-/commit/35f75d2a46e5859138c83a75cd2f4141c5479ab9 for further technical details. The openwall discussion can also provide context: https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/02/17/2
4. Executive Summary
CVE-2024-57256 is a HIGH severity integer overflow vulnerability in U-Boot, a widely used bootloader for embedded systems. A crafted ext4 filesystem can trigger a memory overwrite, potentially leading to complete compromise of the affected device. The vulnerability requires a specifically crafted filesystem, but the impact of successful exploitation is significant – potentially including data loss, system instability, and full device control. We recommend upgrading U-Boot to version 2025.01-rc1 or later as soon as possible. This upgrade is critical for protecting embedded systems that rely on U-Boot and process ext4 filesystems. Failure to address this vulnerability could lead to disruptions in service, data breaches, or loss of functionality for devices utilizing the vulnerable U-Boot version. Prioritize patching systems exposed to potentially untrusted ext4 filesystem images.
Severity: LOW
Description: A stack consumption issue in sqfs_size in Das U-Boot before 2025.01-rc1 occurs via a crafted squashfs filesystem with deep symlink nesting.
CVSS Score: 2
D
No data available.
No data available.
1. Risk Assessment
The vulnerability CVE-2024-57257 is a stack consumption issue within the Das U-Boot bootloader, specifically in the sqfs_size function when processing a crafted squashfs filesystem with deeply nested symlinks. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 2.0 (LOW), indicating a relatively low risk. However, the nature of the vulnerability – uncontrolled recursion – suggests potential for a denial-of-service. The impact is primarily on availability, as the stack consumption could lead to a system crash or hang. Confidentiality and integrity are less impacted, as the vulnerability doesn’t directly expose or modify data, but a crash could interrupt ongoing operations. The likelihood of exploitation is moderate, requiring a specifically crafted squashfs filesystem. Ease of exploitation is considered high, given the filesystem can be crafted relatively easily. Business impact could range from minor service interruptions to more significant downtime depending on how critical the U-Boot instance is to overall system operation. The EPSS score of 0.00025 indicates a fairly low probability of exploitation in the wild.
2. Potential Attack Scenarios
An attacker could create a custom squashfs filesystem image containing a deeply nested structure of symbolic links. This crafted image could be deployed as part of a system update or used as a boot image for an embedded device. When the U-Boot bootloader attempts to determine the size of the squashfs filesystem (using the sqfs_size function), the deep symlink nesting triggers the stack consumption issue. This can lead to a stack overflow, potentially crashing the system during boot or while the system is running. The outcome is a denial-of-service, requiring a reboot or potentially more involved recovery procedures. This attack vector is particularly relevant for embedded systems where the boot image is often updated and controlled by an external entity.
3. Mitigation Recommendations
The primary mitigation for CVE-2024-57257 is to upgrade to U-Boot version 2025.01-rc1 or later. This version includes the fix for the stack consumption issue in the sqfs_size function. For systems where immediate upgrade is not possible, consider limiting the complexity of squashfs filesystems used, if practical, to reduce the depth of symlink nesting. Regularly monitor systems for crashes or hangs during boot or operation, as these could indicate exploitation of the vulnerability. Relevant resources include the U-Boot commit addressing the issue: https://source.denx.de/u-boot/u-boot/-/commit/4f5cc096bfd0a591f8a11e86999e3d90a9484c34, and the OSS-Security mailing list announcement: https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/02/17/2. Debian LTS also released an announcement regarding this vulnerability: https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00001.html
4. Executive Summary
CVE-2024-57257 is a low-severity vulnerability in the Das U-Boot bootloader that can cause a system crash due to excessive stack usage when processing a specially crafted squashfs filesystem. While not immediately critical, the potential for a denial-of-service warrants attention, particularly for embedded systems using U-Boot. The most effective mitigation is to upgrade to U-Boot version 2025.01-rc1 or later. Failure to address this vulnerability could result in occasional system downtime and require manual intervention to restore service. Prompt patching or, if patching is delayed, careful control of squashfs filesystem complexity, is recommended to minimize the risk of disruption. The vulnerability is relatively easy to exploit, making a proactive approach to mitigation beneficial.
Severity: HIGH
Description: Integer overflows in memory allocation in Das U-Boot before 2025.01-rc1 occur for a crafted squashfs filesystem via sbrk, via request2size, or because ptrdiff_t is mishandled on x86_64.
CVSS Score: 7.1
B
No data available.
No data available.
1. Risk Assessment
The vulnerability CVE-2024-57258 is an integer overflow impacting memory allocation within Das U-Boot, specifically when handling crafted squashfs filesystems. The integer overflow can occur during sbrk calls, request2size calculations, or due to mishandling of ptrdiff_t on x86_64 architectures. This leads to potential heap corruption, which can be exploited for code execution. The CVSS score of 7.1 (HIGH) indicates a significant risk. The vector CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H specifies that the vulnerability requires physical access to the system, has a high attack complexity, requires no privileges, requires no user interaction, impacts the entire system scope, and can lead to high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The EPSS score of 0.000540000 suggests a relatively low, but not negligible, probability of exploitation in the wild. Business impact can range from system crashes and data corruption to complete system compromise, potentially disrupting operations, impacting data security, and requiring recovery efforts.
2. Potential Attack Scenarios
An attacker with physical access to a system booting with a vulnerable version of U-Boot can craft a malicious squashfs filesystem image. This image, when used as the root filesystem during boot, triggers the integer overflow when U-Boot attempts to allocate memory for the filesystem. The overflow allows the attacker to overwrite adjacent memory regions, potentially hijacking control flow and executing arbitrary code. This code could be used to install a backdoor, steal sensitive data, or completely compromise the system before the operating system even loads. The attacker could embed the malicious squashfs image into a bootable SD card or USB drive and then boot the target system from that media.
3. Mitigation Recommendations
The primary mitigation for CVE-2024-57258 is to upgrade to U-Boot version 2025.01-rc1 or later. This version includes the fixes for the integer overflow vulnerabilities. The following steps should be taken:
* Identify all systems using U-Boot versions prior to 2025.01-rc1.
* Download the latest U-Boot release (2025.01-rc1 or later) from the official Denx website: https://www.denx.de/wiki/U-Boot/
* Rebuild and deploy the updated U-Boot image to affected systems. The specific process will vary depending on the board and build system being used.
* Test the updated U-Boot image to ensure functionality and stability.
* Monitor for any signs of exploitation or anomalous behavior.
Refer to the commit logs for more detailed information on the fixes: https://source.denx.de/u-boot/u-boot/-/commit/0a10b49206a29b4aa2f80233a3e53ca0466bb0b3 , https://source.denx.de/u-boot/u-boot/-/commit/8642b2178d2c4002c99a0b69a845a48f2ae2706f, and https://source.denx.de/u-boot/u-boot/-/commit/c17b2a05dd50a3ba437e6373093a0d6a359cdee0
4. Executive Summary
CVE-2024-57258 represents a HIGH risk vulnerability in Das U-Boot, a widely used bootloader in embedded systems. An integer overflow in memory allocation can be triggered by a crafted squashfs filesystem, potentially allowing an attacker with physical access to gain full control of the system before the operating system even loads. This could lead to data theft, system compromise, or service disruption. The recommended mitigation is to upgrade to U-Boot version 2025.01-rc1 or later. This upgrade is crucial for maintaining the security and reliability of systems utilizing U-Boot, and should be prioritized to minimize the risk of exploitation. The impact of a successful attack could be significant, affecting business operations and potentially exposing sensitive data. Prompt patching is therefore recommended.
Severity: HIGH
Description: sqfs_search_dir in Das U-Boot before 2025.01-rc1 exhibits an off-by-one error and resultant heap memory corruption for squashfs directory listing because the path separator is not considered in a size calculation.
CVSS Score: 7.1
B
No data available.
No data available.
1. Risk Assessment
The vulnerability, CVE-2024-57259, is an off-by-one error in the `sqfs_search_dir` function of Das U-Boot, leading to heap memory corruption when listing directories within a squashfs filesystem. The vulnerability is rated HIGH with a CVSS score of 7.1, indicating a significant risk. The attack vector is Physical, meaning an attacker needs local access to the system. While the attack complexity is High, suggesting some non-trivial conditions need to be met, the potential impact across Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability is High. This means a successful exploit could allow an attacker to read sensitive information, modify system data, or even cause a system crash. The business impact could range from data breaches and system instability to denial of service, depending on the specific deployment of U-Boot. The EPSS score of 0.00067 suggests a relatively low, but still present, probability of exploitation given the attack vector.
2. Potential Attack Scenarios
An attacker with physical access to a device running a vulnerable version of U-Boot could exploit this vulnerability. Imagine an embedded system using U-Boot to boot from a squashfs filesystem, such as a network router or an industrial control system. The attacker gains physical access and can trigger a squashfs directory listing (e.g., through a specific command in the U-Boot console). The off-by-one error causes a heap buffer overflow during the listing process. The attacker can craft a specific directory structure and file names within the squashfs image to maximize the heap corruption. This heap corruption could then be leveraged to overwrite critical data structures, potentially allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of U-Boot or gain control of the system after the kernel loads. This could lead to complete system compromise, potentially allowing the attacker to modify firmware, steal configuration data, or disrupt operations.
3. Mitigation Recommendations
The primary mitigation is to upgrade to U-Boot version 2025.01-rc1 or later. This version contains the fix for the off-by-one error. The official commit detailing the fix is available at https://source.denx.de/u-boot/u-boot/-/commit/048d795bb5b3d9c5701b4855f5e74bcf6849bf5e. Organizations using U-Boot should prioritize patching systems with direct exposure to potential attackers, or those handling critical data. If immediate patching isn’t feasible, consider implementing defensive measures such as limiting physical access to the systems, and scrutinizing the squashfs images for potentially malicious directory structures. Regularly review the openwall security list for updates: https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/02/17/2.
4. Executive Summary
CVE-2024-57259 is a HIGH severity vulnerability within Das U-Boot that could lead to heap memory corruption when listing directories in squashfs filesystems. An attacker with physical access can exploit this vulnerability to potentially gain control of the system, leading to data breaches, system instability, or denial of service. The vulnerability is addressed by upgrading to U-Boot version 2025.01-rc1 or later. We recommend prioritizing patching, especially for systems utilizing U-Boot in embedded devices or critical infrastructure. Failure to address this vulnerability could result in significant operational disruption and potential data compromise. The risk is substantial enough to warrant prompt action to ensure the security and reliability of affected systems.